Moving coil
The basic principle of Fleming's law from the left hand, put a wire with a current perpendicular to the magnetic field lines into the magnet poles and wires will interact with each other by both magnetic field and current moving in to a diaphragm attached to this line, with the current changes of diaphragm produced before and after exercise. At present, more than ninety percent of the cones are moving coil design.
Electromagnetic type
In the middle of a U type magnet, a movable iron plate (armature) can be set up. When the current flows through the coil, the armature will be magnetized and attracted by the magnet. This kind of design is low cost but the effect is not good, so it is widely used in the telephone and small headphones.
Inductive type
Similar to the electromagnetic principle, but the armature is doubled, and the two coil on the magnet and asymmetric, when the signal current through the armature to the different magnetic flux will push each other and the movement of the two. The difference is that the inductor is able to regenerate the lower frequency, but the efficiency is very low.
Electrostatic
The basic principle is the law of Kulun (Coulomb), usually in plastic diaphragm and the processing perceptual materials aluminum vacuum vaporization electricity, two diaphragm face, which is a current when the high voltage is added another piece will induce a small current, with each other to attract and promote the air will be able to issue a rejection sound. Due to the light weight and small vibration dispersion, it is easy to get clear and transparent treble, bass power is not caught, and its efficiency is not high, the use of direct current and easy to gather dust. At present, such as Martin-Logan and other manufacturers have successfully developed a static and moving coil hybrid speaker, to solve the problem of the lack of static electricity bass, headphones on the use of electrostatic is also very wide.
Plane type
The earliest design by Japan SONY developed, the voice coil design is still moving coil as the theme, but the cone diaphragm into plane diaphragm of the honeycomb structure, because less cavity effect, better characteristic, but the efficiency is low.
Ribbon type
There is no traditional voice coil design, the diaphragm is made of very thin metal, the current flows directly into the body to make it vibrate pronunciation. Because of its diaphragm is the voice coil, so the quality is very light, excellent transient response, high frequency response is also very good. However, the efficiency and low impedance ribbon ribbon on the expansion of the machine has been a great challenge, Apogee can be represented. Another way is to have a voice coil, but the voice coil directly printed on the plastic sheet, which can solve some of the problems of low impedance, Magnepang such design leader.
Horn
To promote the work and the diaphragm air located at the bottom of the horn, because the sound transmission is not so diffusion efficiency is very high, but because of the shape and length of the horn will affect the tone, to replay the low frequency is not very easy, now mostly used in large PA system or the tweeter, Klipsch is the time-honored horn producers.
Other
And in the modified design of ribbon Dr. Hale in 1973 developed, known as the Hale horn theory is very good, but very few users in Taiwan. Piezoelectric type is the use of piezoelectric materials, and the voltage of the expansion or contraction of the pronunciation of the design, Pioneer has a high polymer modified piezoelectric design, used in their treble monomer. Ion horn (Ion) is the use of high voltage discharge to make the air to be charged with the quality of the end, after the AC voltage of the charged molecules will be free of vibration and sound, the current can only be used in the high frequency monomer. PHILPS has also developed active feedback horn (MFB), the horn is equipped with active feedback circuit, can greatly reduce distortion.

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